Stability and Retention Force Factor for Binary-Nanofluid Sessile Droplets on an Inclined Substrate

We investigate the retention force factor of sessile droplets pure (ethanol) and binary (water–ethanol) fluids laden with alumina nanoparticles placed on a critically inclined substrate. It is observed that while critical angle an ethanol droplet increases increase in concentration, for water–ethanol droplets, it reaches to plateau decreases slightly after 0.6 wt % nanoparticle loading. The effect composition concentration studied, correlations are proposed droplets. Infrared images evaporating reveal richer hydrothermal waves loading than without loading, these more intense On substrate, body caused elongate toward receding side, which led earlier breakup at side. To best our knowledge, study first attempt loaded